In preclinical studies, such as with cardiomyocytes or heart tissue from model organisms, understanding mitochondrial function, energetics, and redox status can drive critical insights into disease mechanism.

In human studies, metabolomics offers the opportunity to account for well-established CVD risk factors such as cholesterol and complex lipids, while simultaneously profiling thousands of other biochemicals in an unbiased fashion to enable the discovery of novel disease mechanisms and biomarkers.

Crucially, the conservation of many metabolic pathways among mammals means that metabolite biomarkers can translate between animal models and human patients, accelerating both preclinical model assessment and the translation of drug candidates into the clinic.